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Examining the Internet of Things’ Function in Smart Cities INTRODUCTION As urban populations grow, cities are turning to advanced technologies to meet rising demands for efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life. At the heart of this transformation is the Internet of Things (IoT)—a vast network of interconnected devices and systems that collect and 
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The World of Electronic Devices and Circuits: A Glimpse into Modern Technology INTRODUCTION In today’s technology-driven world, electronic devices are all around us—powering everything from smartphones and laptops to smart homes and medical equipment. At the heart of these devices lie electronic circuits, intricate systems 
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Using FreeRTOS on Arduino for Real-Time Multitasking INTRODUCTION As embedded systems grow more complex, the traditional single-threaded Arduino loop is often no longer sufficient. When your project needs to handle multiple tasks—like reading sensors, updating displays, and managing communication modules—all at the same time, a 
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IOT Future: How Our Lives Are Being Shaped by Connected Devices INTRODUCTION The Internet of Things (IoT) is no longer a concept of the future—it’s a present-day reality that’s rapidly reshaping the way we live, work, and interact with the world. From smart thermostats and wearable health trackers to intelligent factories and connected cities, IoT 
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Overview of Real Time Voice Command Recognition with Tiny ML on Arduino INTRODUCTION Voice control is transforming how we interact with technology—making devices smarter, faster, and more intuitive. Traditionally, voice recognition systems have relied heavily on cloud computing, requiring a constant internet connection and raising concerns about latency, privacy, and power consumption. 
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Using Arduino to Send Sensor Data to ThingSpeak/MQTT INTRODUCTION The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming how we interact with the physical world by enabling real-time data collection, monitoring, and automation. At the heart of many IoT projects lies the Arduino platform, known for its flexibility and ease of use. One of 
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Exploring System V Message Queues in Linux INTRODUCTION In a multitasking Linux environment, multiple processes often need to exchange data and coordinate their actions. While shared memory offers fast access, it can become complex when synchronization is required, especially with frequent read/write operations or when 
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Understanding Shared Memory in Linux IPC INTRODUCTION In modern Linux systems, processes typically operate in isolated memory spaces, making direct communication between them impossible without specialized mechanisms. This is where Interprocess Communication (IPC) becomes essential. Among various IPC techniques, shared memory stands out for its 
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C++ for Embedded Systems INTRODUCTION C++ is increasingly becoming a go-to language for embedded systems, offering a powerful mix of low-level hardware access and high-level programming features. While C has traditionally dominated this space due to its simplicity and tight control over hardware, the growing 
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The Correct Method for Debouncing an Arduino Button  INTRODUCTION Mechanical buttons are simple components, but they can introduce a critical issue in microcontroller-based systems like Arduino—switch bouncing. When a button is pressed or released, the internal metal contacts physically bounce off each other before settling, causing a series of rapid, unintended electrical 
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