Engineering

Built-in vs. User-defined Functions: A Comprehensive Guide INTRODUCTION Functions are the building blocks of efficient and modular programming in C++. They enable developers to perform specific tasks, improve code readability, and reuse logic across programs. A function is defined with a return type, name, and …

When to Use Do-While Loops in C++? INTRODUCTION Loops are a fundamental concept in programming, allowing developers to automate repetitive tasks efficiently. In C++, loops enable the execution of a block of code multiple times based on specific conditions, making them indispensable for tasks like …

Practical Uses of Decision-Making Statements in Everyday Scenarios INTRODUCTION Decision-making is at the heart of programming, enabling developers to control the flow of execution based on conditions. In C++, decision-making statements play a crucial role in implementing logic and providing dynamic responses in real-world applications. …

Aerospace and Defence Applications of Embedded Systems INTRODUCTION In the dynamic and swiftly advancing field of aerospace and defence, maintaining a leading position in technology is crucial. Relying on innovative defence and aerospace embedded solutions and computing, the military effectively meets its specialized demands, which …

A Guide to Comparing Low-Level and HAL Programming in STM32 INTRODUCTION The two main programming techniques available to developers working with STM32 microcontrollers are HAL Programming (using STM32’s Hardware Abstraction Layer) and Low-Level Programming, sometimes known as “bare-metal” programming. Both strategies have benefits and drawbacks, and the …